Democratic values for crisis times. Findings of two theories
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24215/16696581e023Keywords:
democratic values, political culture, measures of democracy.Abstract
Using the political culture approach, the article examines a diversity of democracy indices in the light of Inglehart’s and Welzel’s theory of self-expression values and Schwartz’s theory of cultural values, in order to investigate the nature of cultural orientations that underline different ways of conceptualizing and measuring democracy. The work analyzes theoretically and empirically the areas of convergence of both theories, investigating the relationship of their cultural indicators with the various indices in a sample of 100 countries. It applies two measures of "effective democracy" proposed in the literature, as well as those developed by Freedom House, World Bank, Bertelsmann Stiftung and Berlin Social Science Center (WZB) and University of Zurich (UZH). The cultural variables are used to predict each of these democracy indices in multivariate regression models that also include a battery of economic, political, and social indicators. The conclusions aim to contribute to the normative debate in the moment in which public and academic discussions on a crisis or global decline of the democracy are growing.
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